A-E - Glossary

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)

An omega-3 fatty acid produced in the body from alpha-linolenic acid.  Fatty fish, fish oil and microalgae are dietary sources of pre-formed EPA.  EPA is incorporated into cell membrane phospholipids, and serves as a precursor to anti-inflammatory eicosanoids such as PGE3 and PGF3…as such EPA-derived eicosanoids mediate the inflammatory effects of arachidonic acid-derived, pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. EPA and its metabolite,...

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Arachidonic Acid

An omega-6 fatty acid formed in the body from linoleic acid—an essential fatty acid found in nuts, seeds and vegetable oils (pre-formed arachidonic acid is also found in food sources such as red meat, eggs and poultry).  Like the omega-3 metabolites EPA and DHA, arachidonic acid (AA) is incorporated into cell membrane phospholipids. When released, it can form a number of biologically active metabolites known collectively as...

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Cnidium monnieri

Cnidium seeds—or “She Chuang Zi”—are used in Chinese traditional medicine to treat skin disorders and boost libido.  Several bioactive coumarins have been identified in Cnidium, but osthol is the best known and characterized. Osthole appears to be orally bioavailable and may improve bone strength, inhibit tumor growth, reduce allergic reactions and have antioxidant/hepatoprotective effects. It also appears to increase...

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Epimedium

See Horny Goat Weed.

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Ashwagandha

See Withania somnifera.

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Colostrum

The first “milk” produced late in pregnancy and the first few days after birth.  Colostrum is especially high in growth factors and  immunoglobulins – which are beneficial for the newborn.  Colostrum from immunized cows has been used experimentally to treat gastrointestinal infections. More generally, colostrum is used as a supplement to enhance general immunity, health and athletic performance.  Although probably...

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