{"id":442,"date":"2008-05-12T22:58:51","date_gmt":"2008-05-12T22:58:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vitamins.ultimatefatburner.com\/?p=442"},"modified":"2015-03-09T12:12:44","modified_gmt":"2015-03-09T16:12:44","slug":"paba-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/paba-review.html","title":{"rendered":"PABA: A Cure in Search of a Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>PABA<\/strong> (para-aminobenzoic acid) is a naturally-occurring compound that is perhaps best known as an ingredient in topical sunscreens. Although other UV-absorbing agents have largely replaced it, PABA lingers on in the marketplace as <a href=\"http:\/\/chemicalland21.com\/specialtychem\/finechem\/p-AMINOBENZOIC%20ACID.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a medical\/industrial chemical<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>PABA is sometimes considered to be part of the vitamin B complex, but it&#8217;s not a true vitamin at all. Although it&#8217;s found in foods and is a precursor for folic acid synthesis, humans lack the enzymes needed to convert PABA to this essential nutrient &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/digitalcommons.unl.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1071&amp;context=plantscifacpub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">only plants and microorganisms can pull off this particular trick<\/a>. Theoretically, intestinal bacteria <em>could<\/em> convert PABA into folate, but this pathway has not been shown to be a useful source of folate in the human diet &#8211; which is why dieticians and mainstream nutritional researchers recommend consuming folate-rich foods or supplements directly.<\/p>\n<p>Ironically, PABA is also sold as a nutritional supplement, even though it&#8217;s not a human nutrient at all. There is no required amount nor any known symptoms of deficiency. According to <a href=\"http:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/health\/ph_risk\/committees\/04_sccp\/docs\/sccp_o_058.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a safety assessment by the EU&#8217;s Scientific Committee on Consumer Products&#8230;<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;The toxicokinetics of PABA is characterized by fast oral absorption, biotransformation by the major routes acetylation and glycine conjugation, the minor route by glucuronidation in the liver and kidney, and a fast and almost complete elimination via the urine within 24-hours.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>In other words, it&#8217;s absorbed, detoxified and excreted&#8230; badda-bing, badda-boom.<\/p>\n<p>Despite this unpromising metabolic profile, however, many, many health\/disease claims have been made for PABA. If you visit any number of alternative health\/nutrition sites, you will likely &#8220;learn&#8221; that PABA supplementation is useful for&#8230;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Restoring the natural color of graying hair<\/li>\n<li>Boosting fertility<\/li>\n<li>Protecting against oxidative stress caused by ozone and toxic air pollutants<\/li>\n<li>Treating fibrotic skin diseases<\/li>\n<li>Treating vitiligo<\/li>\n<li>Reducing the inflammation of arthritis<\/li>\n<li>Reducing fatigue<\/li>\n<li>Preventing wrinkles and other visible signs of skin aging.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Unfortunately, the relatively few clinical studies supporting these claims are a) outdated; b) small; c) flawed; or d) some combination of all three. For example, fertility claims for PABA <a href=\"http:\/\/health.cvs.com\/GetContent.aspx?token=f75979d3-9c7c-4b16-af56-3e122a3f19e3&amp;chunkiid=21831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are based on a small, &#8220;one-off&#8221; study conducted in 1942<\/a>. Claims for PABA as an ozone\/air pollution fighter appear to rest solely on <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/7626104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in-vitro experiments that describe PABA as a &#8220;sink&#8221; for singlet oxygen<\/a>. The hair-color restoration work dates to 1950, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/jid\/journal\/v15\/n6\/pdf\/jid1950121a.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was effective for only 5 out of 20 patients being treated with large doses of PABA for other conditions<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Probably the best-supported clinical use of PABA is in the treatment of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmedhealth\/PMHT0024411\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peyronie&#8217;s Disease<\/a> &#8211; an awkward and sometimes painful syndrome in which fibrotic scar tissue forms under the skin of the penis, causing it to curve upwards when erect. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15774254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A placebo-controlled trial using 12g\/day of Potaba<\/a> (a potassium salt of PABA) demonstrated that it can stabilize the condition and halt further progression &#8211; but it&#8217;s not a cure.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/jid\/journal\/v19\/n6\/full\/jid1952122a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The evidence that PABA can help with other inflammatory skin diseases is conflicting<\/a>, and research on the subject has long since moved on.<\/p>\n<p>Under the circumstances, there seems to be little rationale for taking PABA as a supplement: if fills no known nutritional need; and there&#8217;s precisely zero evidence that taking it on a daily basis will improve one&#8217;s health, prevent the development of degenerative disease or reduce wrinkles (except, perhaps, when used as a sunscreen).<\/p>\n<p>For those who still wish to experiment with oral PABA supplements, however, the following caveats apply:<\/p>\n<p>1. <a href=\"http:\/\/health.cvs.com\/GetContent.aspx?token=f75979d3-9c7c-4b16-af56-3e122a3f19e3&amp;chunkiid=21831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Case reports exist of liver damage, vitiligo and nephritis correlated to the consumption of large amounts of PABA.<\/a> While PABA appears safe at typical supplemental doses (300mg &#8211; 400mg), chronic consumption of doses &gt; 8g should be avoided in the absence of medical supervision.<\/p>\n<p>2. Do not take PABA while taking prescription sulfa antibiotics. <a href=\"http:\/\/users.rcn.com\/jkimball.ma.ultranet\/BiologyPages\/A\/Antibiotics.html#Sulfa_Drugs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sulfa antibiotics are, in fact, PABA analogs<\/a>, which are designed to block bacterial folate synthesis. Taking PABA supplements will interfere with the effectiveness of these medications.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) is a naturally-occurring compound that is perhaps best known as an ingredient in topical sunscreens. Although other UV-absorbing agents have largely replaced it, PABA lingers [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[19],"tags":[124],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=442"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1295,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/442\/revisions\/1295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimatefatburner.com\/vitamins\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}