Maltodextrin
A glucose polymer created from corn, rice or potato starch. Maltodextrins are intermediate in size between starches and sugars/syrups. They’re flavorless, which makes them useful as food additives. Maltodextrins are used as bulking or dispersing agents, to modify viscosity or mouthfeel; and as a carrier for flavors in a variety of different food products. Maltodextrin is often used as a carb source in meal replacements,...
Octacosanol
A high molecular weight, waxy alcohol that’s one of the components of policosanol, a substance derived from sugar cane that’s been shown to reduce cholesterol in some studies but not in others. Octacosanol has been touted as a performance enhancer, although there is minimal supporting data. Octacosanol has antioxidant effects and has been shown to reduce lipid peroxidation...
N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine
A form of L-tyrosine touted for its high bioavailability.
L-Tyrosine
A conditionally-essential amino acid synthesized from L-phenylalanine. L-tyrosine is a precursor to the catecholamine neurotransmitters, l-dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine – which are important contributors to mood and cognitive performance. It’s also a precursor to the thyroid hormone thyroxine (also known as T4). In larger amounts, L-tyrosine has been shown to improve memory, psychomotor skills and...
Lutein
A dietary carotenoid that concentrates within the human lens and retina and protects against age-related macular degeneration. Unlike several other carotenoids, such as alpha and beta-carotene, lutein does not have pro-vitamin A activity. Spinach and other dark green leafy vegetables are good sources of lutein. See the Linus Pauling Institute Micronutrient Information Center for more...
L-Norvaline
An analog of the amino acid valine. L-Norvaline is an (in-vitro) inhibitor of the arginase enzyme, which breaks arginine down to ornithine and urea. Thus, L-norvaline is sometimes added to NO (nitric oxide) supplements as a “nitric oxide amplifier,” on the theory that inhibiting arginine breakdown can will enhance NO...
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